Book by: Mahmoud Refaat
International law is a system of laws governing state-to-state interactions. Individuals and international institutions are two most active and important components of modern international law, yet this archaic definition leaves them out, indicating how far the field has gone. Furthermore, viewing international law as a collection of rules is no longer accurate; rather, it is a continuously growing complex of rules, and impactful not actively binding—principles, practices, and claims, all of which are linked to highly complicated processes and structures. International law, in its clearest connotation, provides normative standards, techniques, mechanisms, and a shared conceptual language to international players, initially sovereign nations, However, multinational organizations and people are becoming more prevalent. Human rights, commercial and economic issues, space law, and international organizations have all emerged as topics and players intimately connected with international law, extending beyond conventional questions of war, peace, and diplomats. Even though international law is a legal system rather than an ethical one, ethical notions and issues, particularly human rights, have had a significant influence on it.
International law distinguishes itself from “international comity, which consists of legally nonbinding practices accepted by governments out of politeness (e.g., the saluting of the flags of foreign warships at sea)”. Furthermore, the field of conflict of laws, or private international law, is distinct from “the study of international law, or public international law, which is concerned with the rules of municipal law—as international lawyers refer to the domestic law of states—of various countries where foreign elements are involved”
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