The recent announcement of joint naval patrols in the South China Sea by Japan, the Philippines, and the USA marks a significant development in the ongoing dispute over the region’s territorial waters. With tensions escalating due to China’s assertive behavior, this collaborative effort underscores a strategic response aimed at safeguarding freedom of navigation and upholding international maritime law.
The joint patrols, set to commence later this year, come as a response to China’s increasingly aggressive actions in the disputed waters. Over the past 18 months, China has ramped up its incursions into contested areas, particularly those claimed by the Philippines. These provocations have led to dangerous high-seas encounters, including the recent ramming of a Philippine Coast Guard vessel by the China Coast Guard near Second Thomas Shoal.
The South China Sea (SCS) is a critical maritime passageway, through which trillions of dollars’ worth of trade flows annually. China’s claims, encompassing almost the entire sea, have been contested by neighboring countries, including the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Brunei. These claims not only challenge international maritime law but also threaten regional stability and security.
The involvement of Japan’s Maritime Self-Defense Force in these patrols further emphasizes the commitment of the three nations to address the growing security challenges posed by China’s in SCS. This collaboration is part of a broader effort to deepen security cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region, as highlighted by the upcoming trilateral summit between the leaders of the USA, Japan, and the Philippines.
The summit, scheduled for April 11 in Washington, signifies the first-ever trilateral meeting between the three nations. Discussions will focus on promoting inclusive economic growth, advancing clean energy supply chains, and enhancing peace and security in the Indo-Pacific. The joint naval patrols are expected to be a central aspect of the security cooperation agenda, highlighting the resolve of the three countries to counter China’s destabilizing actions.
However, the decision to conduct joint naval patrols is not without risks. China is likely to view this collaborative effort as provocative and may respond with its own assertive measures. The possibility of confrontations with Chinese forces raises concerns about the escalation of tensions in the region. Moreover, logistical challenges and coordination issues may arise in operationalizing joint patrols among three distinct military forces.
To address the challenges and concerns surrounding the South China Sea issue, a comprehensive approach encompassing political, security, and economic dimensions is essential.
Politically, efforts should focus on strengthening existing mechanisms for dispute resolution, such as the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea (DOC) and the ongoing negotiations for a Code of Conduct in the South China Sea (COC). These frameworks must be reinforced to effectively prevent conflicts and promote cooperation among all involved parties.
In terms of security, there is a need for proactive measures to mitigate tensions and enhance stability in the region. This includes promoting dialogue and diplomacy between China and its neighboring countries through regular diplomatic engagements and confidence-building measures. Establishing effective communication channels is essential for addressing disputes and preventing escalations.
Economically, fostering cooperation and development in the South China Sea region is crucial. This can be achieved through the establishment of free trade agreements, investment in infrastructure projects, and the promotion of sustainable development practices. Creating shared economic interests among the stakeholders will not only address economic concerns but also contribute to reducing tensions in the area.
Lastly, upholding the rule of law and international norms is paramount. All nations must respect the rights of navigation and access to resources in the South China Sea, as well as adhere to international legal decisions, including the 2016 Arbitral Tribunal ruling on the Philippines’ case against China. This commitment to international law will serve as a foundation for fostering trust and cooperation among countries in the region.
In summary, the joint naval patrols by Japan, the Philippines, and the USA represent a significant and coordinated response to China’s assertive behavior and claims in the South China Sea. While challenges and concerns persist, including the potential for increased tensions and logistical complexities, diplomatic efforts, adherence to international law, and confidence-building measures are essential for ensuring regional stability and upholding the principles of freedom of navigation. By embracing a collaborative and inclusive approach, the three nations can effectively counterbalance China’s actions and foster a peaceful and prosperous future for the Indo-Pacific region, emphasizing the importance of collective security and cooperation in addressing shared challenges.
By The European Institute for International Relations
