The Commonwealth of Nations is a remarkable international organization that spans every geographical region, religion, and culture. It was born in the early 20th century as a way of Britain to maintain some imperial power while avoiding overseas revolutions against colonial rule: through this club, member nations gained independent governance, but they still remained subject to British oversight. As of today, 56 countries are voluntarily members of the Commonwealth, encompassing almost one third of global population: the common link of all members is the language, history, culture, and shared democratic values and fight for human rights. Australia, like many former British colonies, remains a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. While some question the relevance of this connection in the 21st century, identified also as a post-colonial structure, Australia’s continued membership reflects a combination of historical legacy, practical benefits, and evolving international diplomacy.
The Commonwealth works on behalf of member countries to promote peace and prosperity, such as supporting economic growth, boosting international trade: in 2012, the Commonwealth Charter was adopted to show the serious commitments to the values of gender equality, sustainable development, and international peace and security. Also, by being a voluntary association, member governments can choose at any time to leave the Commonwealth if they so wish. Ireland and Zimbabwe, for example, are the only republic states to have withdrawn.
As for Australia, British influence was evident in early political and legal foundations, and while gaining independence gradually, it always recognized the British monarch as its head of state. For instance, while having a democratic government, Australia remains a constitutional monarchy: however, the British King’s role is mostly symbolic, and executive power is exercised by Australia’s Governor-General, who acts as the monarch’s representative but follows the advice of the elected government.
There has been ongoing debate about whether Australia should become a republic, especially after the 1999 referendum, in which voters rejected a proposal to replace the monarchy with an Australian head of state. Nonetheless, many political movements, such as the non-partisan organization Australian Republic Movement (ARM), still push for a complete independence of the continent.
Membership in the Commonwealth is not merely symbolic; it comes with tangible benefits from an economic, political, and social point of view. Economically, it fosters trade relationships, and investment opportunities among all its overseas members. Politically, it allows to engage with a diverse group of nations, particularly in the Pacific and Africa, strengthening diplomatic ties and regional cooperation. From a social perspective, the Commonwealth supports educational and developmental programmes, fostering international integration and sense of community.
Leaving the Commonwealth does not necessarily require becoming a republic, and also removing the British monarch as head of state would not imply the exit of Australia from it, as other republics like India and South Africa have done. So if on one side the membership is criticised for being the legacy of colonialism, on the other it is evident that it comes with diplomatic and economic advantages on a global scale. The Commonwealth manages to unite countries with diverse social, political, and economic backgrounds, which have an equal status.
Ultimately, Australia’s place in the Commonwealth is a matter of national identity and strategic interest. While the monarchy’s role in Australia may change in the future, the Commonwealth itself continues to serve as a valuable platform for international engagement. Whether through historical ties, economic benefits, or diplomatic influence, Australia, and many other former colonies, remain strongly connected to the Commonwealth.
By The European Institute for International Relations
