Today’s international relations are characterised by the multipolarity of actors in the international system, with more and more countries influencing politics, security and economics. Eurasia has become a strategic region due to its economic potential and natural resources, which has led these countries to unite under the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). Initially formed in 2001 by China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, …

The 1957 Treaty of Rome set out measures to build a single market through the liberalisation of trade within the European Economic Community. This document also included complementary social measures aimed at improving the living and working conditions of Europeans, maintaining high wages, addressing the imbalances caused by the restructuring of certain economic sectors and equal working conditions for men …

If the Ukrainian and Crimean crises are still a cause for concern in the eyes of the European Union and the United States, it is certain that the challenge launched by Russia to the world in this century is no longer military or ideological, but a global economic challenge. Nobody, a few years ago, believed that the Eurasian economic Union …

Once again Turkey finds itself in a currency crisis, In fact, the lira lost more than 40 percent of its value against the United States dollar this year, making it the worst-performing of all emerging market currencies, In November alone, the lira lost nearly 30 percent of its value against the dollar and, sinceTurkish businesses that depend on imported goods …

BRICS – the acronym that has been widely circulated among international arena, is relatively a young union that has been formed in the beginning of the 2000s (Larionova and Kirton, 2018). Initially the acronym BRIC referred to the superpowers such as Brazil, Russia, India, China with S being added to the list in 2010 as South Africa joined the union …

ASEAN, or the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, is an economic union in Southeast Asia made up of ten member states that promotes intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, security, military, educational, and sociocultural integration between its members and other Asian countries. The major goal of ASEAN was to speed economic growth and, as a result, social and cultural development. …

The People’s Republic of China is, to this day, the second largest world economy. And yet its currency, the Yuan, is still heavily influenced by the Dollar, the currency of a country which is perceived by the PRC as antagonist. However, as recently as April 2021, the PRC announced the experimentation of a digital version of the Yuan, the Digital …

The sudden rise in energy prices all over Europe has governments and citizens worrying about the upcoming winter months and possibly exploding energy bills for consumers. To temper the negative effects the European Commission presented a list of immediate countermeasures on the one side (Commission, 2021): the provision of emergency income support to consumers affected by energy poverty through vouchers or partial payment of bills – …

In the contemporary era, nations open their doors to other nations to carry out economic transactions globally. That is why international trade law is being developed.  In this sense, economies tend to be cashless, which leads to being digital in every aspect. As a result, Cryptocurrency is one of the examples of such digital tendency (Gamble, 2017).  However, its dynamic …

China has achieved the most rapid expansion in history by any major economy (World Bank, 2018). As historically one of the poorest nations in the world, it now has the world’s second largest economy and has been deemed by some as an emerging superpower (Angang, 2011). Yet, what are the extensive consequences and ramifications of China’s ‘miraculous’ economic growth and …