If the West provides aid in Afghanistan, it stabilizes the Taliban’s rule. If it does not, the state and society collapse, triggering new streams of refugees. Who could also reach Europe. The images of how thousands of Afghans rushed to the airport after August 15th 2021 hoping to get a seat on an evacuation flight, remain in agonizing memory. Desperate, …

From the very beginning of 2013 international crisis management in Mali two missions saw the light of day : the multidimensional integrated stabilization mission of the United Nations (MINUSMA) and the EU training mission (EUTM). The latter is tasked with training and advising the Malian army to enable it to independently guarantee Mali’s security. By making the presence of foreign …

Belarusian forces are not engaging in the operation in Ukraine, according to President Alexander Lukashenko, since they “have nothing to do there” and “are not summoned there.” Belarus, he said, will not “become engaged” in the Russian-led special operation in Ukraine. He believes that the republic does not need to assist Russia. Lukashenko stated that, as part of the current operation, …

Since the war outbreak, millions of Ukrainians have left their country. Many have lost their homes, family members and friends and now live in Poland, Romania or Germany. No one is imposing time limits on them, understandably. Simultaneously many Russians also left their country. They are people who left after the war began, out of horror at the government, fear …

            Deployed in September 2014, MINUSCA was established at an extremely critical phase of the Central African conflict. On the one hand, the conflict was characterized by inter-communal violence that the military detachments of the African Union Peacekeeping Mission (MISCA) and the French troops of the Sangaris mission were struggling to contain. On the other hand, the transitional government that …

There is war in Ukraine and the whole world is talking about it. Meanwhile, Turkey is attacking in northern Iraq without much noise. President Recep Tayyip Erdogan is continuing a controversial tradition : the “war on terror” in northern Iraq. Every year in spring,, Erdogan launches his military offensive against the militias of the outlawed Kurdistan Workers’ Party, PKK. Officially, …

Sweden and Finland have pursued a policy of neutrality since World War II, refusing to officially join either side in the Cold War, and pursuing foreign and security policies coherent with this posture. After the end of the Cold War, this strict neutrality was already broken, with both countries joining the EU in 1995 and signing various agreements with NATO …

The Arctic is the northernmost region of the planet. Although there is no clear definition of what should be considered part of it, the majority of scientists define the region within the Arctic Circle, a line of latitude about 66.5° north of the Equator. There are several countries inside the circle: The United States, Canada, The Kingdom of Denmark, Iceland, …

On February 24th 2022 Vladimir Putin announced a “special military operation” to “demilitarise and de-nazify Ukraine”. The rest of the world saw it for what it was, a clear violation of Ukraine’s territorial integrity and political independence through military force. In other words; an invasion. Leaders in the European Union quickly condemned the decision, including the President of Greece. In …

In this last year, Bosnia and Herzegovina are facing the worst crisis since the end of the war in 1995. When the conflict ended, an agreement, known as e Dayton Agreement, was reached by the western powers in order to ensure the peace and stability of the entire region. However, the agreement did not achieve all the expected results due …