While originally conceptualized as an interposition force meant to monitor ceasefires and control buffer zones between two waring parties, the United Nations peace operations of today operate in progressively complex and intractable intrastate conflicts made worse by rapidly growing transnational issues such as climate change and terrorism. In response to these unprecedented challenges, the nature of UN peace operations has …

This month marks Seven months since the invasion of Ukraine by Russian Forces. While Internet outrage and heated discussions on Club House have died down, war is still a reality for the people of Ukraine. With more than 50,000 killed, there is no end in sight to the Russian-Ukraine War. Russia invaded Ukraine in February 2022 and expected the Ukrainian …

Russia uses its energy supplies consistently and with great strategic calculation to weaken and divide Europe. Such a calculation is not to be found in Europe’s response to this economic war. The EU’s strategy is to impose a complete embargo on oil, electricity, gas and coal from Russia as soon as possible. It is as if Europe is playing chess …

The control and limitation of nuclear armaments worldwide has been a key factor to achieve in order to maintain a relatively peaceful balance of power after the Second World War. Despite the ratification of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), effective since 1970, however, several countries across the world have not discontinued uranium enrichment programs and increased …

Diplomats in Vienna were again negotiating with the Iranian regime in an attempt to reach a return to the nuclear agreement yesterday. But time is running out. Nuclear discussions with Iran resumed in Vienna on Thursday 4th of august after months of disruption. Initially, individual negotiators from Iran as well as Germany, France, Britain, Russia and China met for bilateral …

The European Central Bank (ECB) whose role is to maintain euro price stability within the Eurozone and lead European economic and monetary policy, decided to raise its interest rates from 0% to 0,5%, first since 2011, and its deposit rate, applied to cash whose banks don’t distribute as a credit, from -0,5% to 0%. Therefore, the era of negative rates …

An armed conflict between China and the United States would have catastrophic consequences. Not only would it cost many lives and entail incalculable risks of escalation, but it would also cause political disorder and imply high economic costs for the European Union. Out of peace policy and economic self-interest, Europe should therefore work to maintain the peaceful status quo in …

For NATO, Russia is the number one threat. But China is also coming into the military alliance’s sights For the first time, the defense alliance is taking a closer look at China. It was said at the summit in Madrid on June 28th, that the People’s Republic is a strategic challenge. NATO is particularly concerned about the growing cooperation between …

Since the war outbreak, millions of Ukrainians have left their country. Many have lost their homes, family members and friends and now live in Poland, Romania or Germany. No one is imposing time limits on them, understandably. Simultaneously many Russians also left their country. They are people who left after the war began, out of horror at the government, fear …

Snake Island is the only real island in the Black Sea, the subject of Greek tales, and the site of a dispute between Romania and Ukraine for natural resources. The sea and fresh water, land and vegetation, gold and oil are all available there. The massive pier, built in the Soviet Union, is capable of accommodating a rather large vessel. The island’s …